Art of casting metal slabs



April 29 1924.v

E. MOXHAM ART oF CASTING METAL sLABs Filed Sent. 26 1.922 3 Sheets-Sheet l "LIIIIIIIIII April 2 9, 1924. 1,491,964

E.MoxHAM ART OF' CASTING METAL SLABS 1.922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 d 78 A TTORNE Y5 April 29 1.924

E. MOXHAM ART oF CASTING'METAL sLABs Patented Apr. 29,1924.

lUmTlso STATES PATENT or-Fica EGBEBT HOXHAH, OF GREAT NECK, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOB TO CONLEY TINFOIL (203 PORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

,nur or cas'rmo mansmns.

Application-Med September 26, 1922. Serial No. 590,615.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known ,that I, Eonn'r MoxHAM, a citizen `Vof the United States, and resident of Great Neck, Long Island,'in the county of Nassau ,and State of New York, have invented certainl new and useful Improvements in the Art of- Casting Metal Slabs J of which the following is a specification.l

lll

My invention relates tothe art of casting metal slabs or ingots, andy includes a novel method of casting, and a machine for-casting slabs yin accordance with the method.

While the invention is capable of use in various arts where conditions are more or less similar, it has been es ecially develo d with reference to the casting of metal s abs which are rolled down to produce metal foil,

-and particularly tin foil, or composition foil;

Tin foil may consist of pure tin or an lalloy of lead-and tin in various proportions.

This metal or alloy when melted is particularl susceptible to oxidation, and in the methods of casting the slabs employed up to the present time, the molten metal is very freely exposed to air in pouring and in the mold, with the result that a considerable amount of oxidation takes place, the oxidized metal being incorporated in the slab.

A principal object of the invention is to eliminate or greatly reduce oxidation by reducing to a great extent the amount of air in the mold or in the neighborhood of the molten metal when plished by maintainlng a partial vacuum, or a vacuum which is as complete as is practicable under working conditions.l in the mold and in the neighborhood of the poured metal as the mold is filled. Oxidation is thus greatly reduced orV practically eliminated, with accompanying improvement in the composition and texture of the metal slab. The provision of the partial vacuum during pouring also tends materially to reduce or, eliminate air bubbles or porosities in the casting.

In addition to the features above mentioned, the invention includes various improvements in casting mechanism suiciently explained in the following detail description.

The accompanying drawings show one exemplifying form of a machine embodying the invention, and also suliiciently exemplify the performance of the process. After considering the drawings as explained hereoured. This is accomafter, persons skilled in the art will4 understand that many variations 'may be made within the principles of the invention; and I contemplate the employmentl of any structures, and the performance of the method in any ways which are properly within the scope of t e appended claims.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section'of a casting machine embodying the invention in one form.

Fig. 2-is a view from the right of Fig. 1, partly in elevation and partly in section.

Fig. 3 is a top plan with some parts broken away. p

FFig. 4 is a horizontal section at 4 4,

ig. 5 is a horizontal section at 5-5, Fi 2.

ig. 6 is a vertical section of one side of the rotary mold carrier and casing approximately in the plane 6, Fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section through one of the mold jackets in a lane parallel to one of the broad sides of t e mold.

A rotary mold carrier 10 has, in the present embodiment of theinvention, a substantially bucket-shaped wall 11 arranged to provide frames or seats for a plurality of molds 12, four molds in the present arrangement. These frames or mold holders consist of recesses 13 surrounded by inward flanges 14 through which cap screws 15a are inserted to secure the molds detachably in position. T he bottom of wall 11 is formed with an annular flange 14. secured to a base 15 which has a central bore 16 turning on 17 which rests on a table 18 supported by legs 19. The rotary carrier base 15 yis also supported on a framework 20 which rests on the stationary table 18, this additional support conveniently consisting of an' antifriction thrust bearing 21. This thrust bearing as here illustrated is a double row ball bearing which is ample to support the weight of the rotary mold carrier and practically eliminate friction. v Y,

.While various modes of rotating the mold carrier may be employed, and in some cases the carrier may even be turned by hand, it is desirable to provide an intermittent and readily controllable power drive. In the present embodiment of the invention this power drive comprises the driving pulley 22 rotatably mounted on a short shaft 23 and driven 4by a belt 24 from any suitable source of power.- Shaft 23 alsocarries a pinion rotatably mounted thereon, and a suitable clutch 26 is rovided to connect the pulley with the pinion. Deslrably this clutch is any suitable or known form of.. onerevolution clutch, the partlcular form shown `arm face 28 will engage the pin shoulder to withdraw the pin and disconnect the clutch. Pinion 25 engages a gear 32 on a counter shaft 33 which 1s connected by a bevel plnion to a bevel gear 35 bolted to the bottom of the mold carrier base 15. Corresponding to the four mold arrangement shown, the gearing is larranged so that eachI revolution of pmion 25 turns the carrier onequarter revolution. To cause each carrier movement. the operator simply moves the handle of lever 30 sufficiently to move clutch arm 27 out of engagement with the clutch pin. The clutch thereupon immediately commences to revolve; the operator releases the handle; the mold carrier is moved onequarter turn;l the clutch pin engages `the bevel face 28 of arm 27; and the clutch is f released, bringing the carrier to a stop in a new position. While`the carrier is stationary a slab is removed from the mold at one side of the carrier; the mold is closed; the carrier is again moved by opery ating the lever 30, and so on.

Each mold body 12 has a mold space 40 defined by a back wall 41, shallow side walls 42 and a shallow bottom wall 43, and by a front wall 44 in the form of a doonhingedly connected to the mold body at 45, the top side of the mold space being left open at 46. Each mold door is secured in closed position by a handle 47 pivoted to the car- V rier body at 48 and having a face 49 engaging a bevelled lug 50 on the door.

The molds are cooled by a water jacket formed between the rear mold wall 41 and back wall 52 of the mold body. Desirably Water is caused to flow in a circuitous course through the jacket by providing horizontal partitions 53 having openings 54 at alternate ends, the space above the upper partition communicating with a vertical channel 55 formed by a vertical partition 56. A port 57 in the lower wall of the mold body 'communicates with one end vof the lower horizontal water passage, and another port 58 communicates with the lower end of the vertical passage 55. To circulate water base 15 isl provided with four radial water passagesGO leading from'the central ybore 16 fto the sujply orts 57"of the` [four mold ing spindle,.and -the ends of the other pas' sages 61 enter the bore at a higher level opposite another annular channel 63. The standard 17 -is provided with internal channels 64 and 65 communicating with' the annular channels 62 and 63V respectively. A water supply pipe 66 communicates with the vertical channel 64, anda discharge pipe 67 communicates with the channel 65. Any suitable means maybe provided for vsupplying or circulating coolin water, and the described arrangement of c annels rovides for the circulation of the water t rough the mold jackets durin the rotation of the mold carrier as well as urin .the time when the carrier is stationary. o insure a watertight Lrotary connection between the channels in standard 17 and thefrotary mold `base channels, any suitable packing means may be provided, sufiiciently represented in the present embodiment of the invention by a disk 70 secured to the upper end of the standard 17 and overlying the central portion or hub of the carrier base 15, and an annular flange 71 formed on the bottom of the carrier base and engaging in a recess formed by an annular flange 72 on the standard 17.

To provide for exhausting air from the mold spaces at the time of pouring, therotary mold carrier and molds are enclosed within a jacket designated in general as 75.

This comprises a central outer jacket wall` 76 having upper and lower flanges 77 and 78, an upper approximately ring-shaped plate 79, and the framework 20l previously mentioned which is of approximately cylindrical or annular lform and tightly bolted to the base 18 to provide a practically air-tight enclosure for the under part of the rotary carrier. This framework has a horizontal flange 8O to which fiange 78 of the outer jacket wall 76 is bolted. The ring or cap llO member 79 has a flange 81 bolted to fiange 77 of the wall 76. The ca member 79 has an inner annular fiange 82 c osely fitting and enclosing between it and the vertical wall 83 of the cap member, a flange 84 formed on the upper end of the mold carrier wall 11.

The air jacket enclosure is completed at the inside by the wall 11 of the carrier framev and'the upper face of thecarrier gether with the fiange 14.

The air casin or jacket wall 76 has at one side an openln 85 which is large enou h base 15 to- -to give access to t e mold door and han le through the mold jacket, the rotary carrier 47 and to permit the mold door to be opened,

means (not shown) having a disch arge open.

ing at 91, communicating with a spout 92 which is secured by means of aflange 93 to a part of the top rin 79. Desirably the to ring or late 79 is ormed at this point witii l upward y pro'ecting walls 94 formed to provide a seat or an elongated or approximately oval glass. plate 95 secured by a metal plate 96 and suitable air-tight packin 97. The laterally elongated mouth 98 o the pouring spout is located below the lass or window 95, so that the flow of meta in filling the mold may be observed. The elongated spout is close to and directly above, and conforms to' a central portion of the open upper edge 46 of the mold, and a guide lip or fiange 99 is desirably secured in thelower portion of the spout housing directly below the mouth of the spout and with its lower edge close to the upper edge of the mold door 44 and arranged so as to assist in guiding the molten metal into the mold as clearly shown in Fig. 1. A plug valve 100 is arranged in the melting pot to close the discharge opening 91, and this valve is guided in a lug 101 and is carried on a vertical stem .102 which passes through a'fittiJng 103 at the to of one of the pot walls and is provided wit. a coarseypitch screw thread 104 ,engaging a, similar internal thread in the fitting; andthe stem is also provided at its upper end with a handle 105.

In cooperation with the air jacket or casing, the air space is divided into compartments or sections each corresponding to one of the molds in the followlng way: The

rotary mold carrier 10 is providedbetween the molds with upright portions 110 hav,- ing outer segmental faces 111 conforming to the contour of the inner face of the casheads of screws 114 engaging against inner faces of the carrier uprights. Other 'packing strips 115 'are desirably provided, engaging inner approximately horizontal surfaces 116 of the jacket ring member 79.

When the screws 114 are properly adjusted the vertical strips 112 will move outwar very slightly as they pass across the casing opening 85, but to prevent these strips bumping the vertical edges of the casing, these edges may be inwardly rounded or bevelled as at 117, Fig. 4.

While the air jacket spaces defined by the mold carrier uprights 110 haveno fixed position but move around with the mold carr1er, whenever the mold carrier is stationary with one of the molds in casting position, that is at the left in` Figs. 1, 3 and 4,

the air jacket space of each mold is defia nitely located in relation t0 the casing. One such space is freely open to atmo here through the casing opening 85, an two other sections are located at points between the pouring and mold, discharging ositions, that is, at the top and bottom, igs.

3 and 4 and these sections or mold ositions are designated by the characters B, C and D respectively. :At a int-in the outer casing wall 76 communicating with the section B, an air exhaust pipev 120 is tapped into the casing wall. S1milarly au air exhaust pipe 121 is tapped into the casing wall communicating with the air jacket section C at casting position. These pi es` suicient capacity. A suitable relief valve l 123, Fig. 2, is connected by means of a short pipe 124 to the casing section D, this being 'any ordinary or suitable' relief or pressure reducing valve, for instance one which is arranged to close against external atmospheric pressure when the pressure within the air jacket section D is approximately one half' atmosphere.

The operation, briefly described, is as follows: The melting pot 90 is supplied with melted metal or alloy of suitable character such as previously described, and the air exhaust pump or pumps are operated at a suit'- able speed. Air is exhausted from the air jacket section B anterior to the casting position up to the capacity of the air exhausting means. It is not practicable in mechanism of this class to provide packing means which will entirely prevent leakage, nor is this necessary or especially desirable. There is therefore more or less leakage past the packing devices into the space B. Supposing that the air exhausting mechanism has a capacity which would enable it to produce a vacuum of approximately 28 inches of mercury in a sealed chamber, a partial vacuum equal a proximately to 14 inches mercury will e produced in the chamber B. At the same space D before it moved to the position indif cated in Fig. 4, this vacuum is relieved by admission of external air through the relief valve 123 to the point where the depression in chamber D is substantially 14 inches mercury. By lthe described means a partial vacuum less than the tot-al vacuum the suction apparatus is capable of producing, is

maintained in each of the jacket sections adjacent to the section in casting position, and therefore the amount of leakage into the section C at casting position is very greatly re. duced compared to the leakage which would occur if air werepresent at atmospheric pressure directly at each side of section C. Therefore Awith packing devices which do not entirely prevent leakage, and with exhaust aparatus of reasonable or practicable capacity, 1t is possible to maintain a reasonably near approach toa complete vacuum in the casting section of the jacket, or .in other wor s a veryl great proportion of all the air is exhausted from that section. The plug valve is now withdrawn by moving .handle 105permitting the molten metal to iiow through the spout 46 over the guide lip 99 and into the open top of the mold space until the mold is lled, the pouring Ioperation being observedthrough the glass 95. The valve is closed and-the attendant then throws back the handle 47 of the mold which is located at the opening 85, opens the mold door 44 and removes the slab previously poured at the position C and which has had ample time to cool and harden before it reaches the position A. The mold is then. closed and locked and the clutch operating lever 30 is moved to cause the carrier to advance one-quarter rev` `olution 1n the manner prevlously descrlbed,v

bringing a new empty mold into position forA pouring, and so on. A partial vacuum is continually maintained in the jacket space at position B, and also at position D, and a much greater or approximately com lete vacuumup to the practical capacity o the apparatus is maintained at the pouring position C.

The means described for removing air from the pouring zone is especially important and desirable in the case of relatively thin metal slabs for the purpose previously mentioned, formed of readily oxidizable metal or alloy. Since the slab is relatively thin, a very large surface is exposed to oxidizing influence when air is freely present. By my described apparatus and method, very little or at the most a very reduced amount of air can come in contact with the molten metal as it leaves the spout and as it enters the mold space, and a very stantially all'of the oxidation `is thus climi-- nated and cast slabs are produced which are largely or practically entirely free from oxidized metal. Air holes or bubbles and great part or sub- Y porosities are also largely eliminated by the partial or practical absence of air, which facilitates the easy and smooth iowing of the metal into the mold space. i

I claim: Y

1. A method of casting oxidizable metal or metal alloys with materlallyreduced oxidation effect, comprising advancing a mold in a predetermined path. past a pouring position, creating a partialvacuum in the mold space and around a pouring spout at pouring position, pourin molten metal into the mold with material y reduced exposure to air in the mold' space and, between the spout and the mold, and relieving the vacuum about the mold at a position beyond the pouring position.

2. A method of casting oxidizable metal `or metal alloys with materially reduced oxidation effect, comprising moving a mold through a series of stations including la pouring station in predetermined order, exhausting air from the mold space at a station anterior to the pouring station, exhausting more air from the mold space and from a mold enclosure including a pouring spout at the pouring station, and pouring molten metal from the spout into the mold at the pouring station with materially reduced exposure to air.

3. A :method of casting oxidizable metal or metal 'alloys with materially reduced oxidation effect, comprising` moving a mold through a series`of stations including a pouring station in predetermined order, ex

hausting air from the mold space at a station anterior to the pouring station, exhausting more air fromthe mold space and from a mold enclosure including a pouring spout at the pouring station, pouring molten metal from the spout into the mold at the pouring station with materially reduced exposure to air, andsupplying air to the mold space at less than atmospheric pressure at a station posterior to the pouring station.

4. Afmethodo casting oxidizable metal or metal alloys withy materiallyfreduced .oxidation effect, comprising` moving a mold through' a series of stations including a pouring station in predetermined order, exhausting air from the mold space at a station anterior to the pouring station, exhausting more air from the mold space and from a mold enclosure including a pouring spout at the pouring station, pouring molten meta-l from the spout into the mold at the pouring station with materially reduced exposure to air, and supplying air to the mold space at less than atmospheric pressure at a station posterior to the pouring station, andy exposing a pouring spout at the pourin station, V

Maipu ing the mold freely to atmosphere at a delivery station.

5. A method of casting oxidizablevmetal or metal alloys with materially reduced oxidation eect, com rising movin a mold through a series o stations inc uding a pouring station in predetermined order, ex-

austing air from the mold space and a mold enclosure at a station anterior to the pouring station, exhausting more air from the mold space and a mold enclosure includand pouring molten metal from t e spout into the mold at the pouring station with materially reduced exposure to air. l

6. 4The method of castin oxidizable metal or metal oys comprising advancing a series of molds in a continuous at the pouring station, supplying air at less than atmospheric pressure to the mold space at the posterior intermediate station, and

removing the cast plate from themold at the.

discharge station.

7. Casting apparatus comprising an approximately air tight mol enc osure, a pouring spout therein, a mold movably positioned in the enclosure in operative relation to the spout, means for exhausting air from' the enclosure, and means for supllying molten metal through the spout to vthe mold.

l8. Casting apparatus comprising an ap-l proximately air tight mold enclosure, a pouring spout thereln, a mold movably positioned in the enclosure in operative relation to the spout, means for exhausting air from the enclosure, and meanss for supply ing molten metal through the spout to the mold anda transparent window in the mold enclosure arranged to permit observa-' tion of pouring.

9. Casting apparatus comprising a mold carrier, a mold thereon, an enclosure for the mold at a plurality of successive stations in,- cluding a pouring station, means for exhausting a part of the air from the enclosure and the mold space at a station anterior to the pouring station, means for exhaustin more air from the enclosure and mol space at the pouring station, a pouring spout in operative relation to the mold within the enclosure at the pouring station, and

thin slabs of means for supplying molten metal to the spout.

10: Casting apparatus comprising a mold carrier, a mold thereon, an enclosure for the mold at a plurality of successive stations including a pouring station, means for exhaustlng a part of the air from the enclosure and the mold space at a stationantemor to the pouring station, means for exhaustlng more air fromr the enclosure and mold space at the pouring station, a pourmg spout within the enclosure in operative re ation to the mold at the pouring' station, means for su plying molten metal and controllingy meta flow to the spout, and means at a station posterior to the vpouring station for admitting air to the enclosure at less than atmospheric pressure.

11. Casting apparatus comprising a rctary mold carrier, a plurality of molds s aced about the carrier, an air jacket enc osure for the molds, said jacket having an opening at a casting #discharge station, means conformable to the rotary movement of the carrier for maintaining a proximately air-ti ht divisions between ,tile molds in cooperation with the air jacket. a pouring spout within the jacket arranged to supply molten metal to the mold at a pouring position, and means fory exhaustlng air from the mold enclosure at pouring position.

12. Castingapparatus comprising a ro'- tary mold' carrier, a' plurality of molds` s aced about the carrier, an air jacket enc osure for the molds, said jacket' having an opening at a casting discharge station, means conformable tothe rotary movement of the carrier for maintaining approximately air-tight divisions between the molds in cooperation with the air jacket, a pouring spout within the jacket arranged to supply molten metal to the mold at a pour. ing position, and means for exhausting air 'from the mold enclosure at pouring position, and means for partially exhausting air from the mold enclosure to a point anterior to pouring position.

13. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a plurality of molds spaced about the carrier, an air jacket envc osure for the molds, said jacket having an openin at a castin discharge station, means con ormable to t e rotary movement of the carrier for maintaining approximate-- ly air-tight divisions between the molds in, cooperation with the air jacket, a pouring spout within the 'acket arranged to supply molten metal to'tlie mold at a pouring position, means for exhausting air from the mold enclosure at pouring position, means for partially exhausting a1r from the mold enclosure at a point anterior to pouring position, and means for partially restoring air pressure in the mold enclosure posterior l to pouring position.

ment of the carrier for maintaining approximately air-tight divisions between the molds in cooperation with the air jacket, a pouring spout within the jacket arranged to supply molten metal to the-mold at a pouring position, and means for exhausting air from the mold enclosure at pouring position.

15. Casting apparatus compri-sing a rotary mold carrier, means for moving t e carrier intermittently,- a plurality of molds spaced about the carrier, an air jacket enclosure for the molds and carrier, said jacket having an opening at a casting discharge station, packing means conformable to the rotary movement of the carrier for maintaining approximatcly air-tight divisions between the molds in cooperation with the air jacket, a pouring spout within the jacket arranged to supply molten metal to the mold at a uring position, means for exhausting air rom the mold enclosure at pouring position, and means for partially exhausting air from the mold enclosure at a point anterior to pouring position.. y

16. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, means for moving the carrier intermittently, a plurality of molds s aced about the carrier, an air jacket enc osure for the molds and carrier, said jacket having an opening at a casting discharge station, packing means conformable to the rotary movement of the carrier for rr iaintain ing approximately yair-tight' divisions between the molds in cooperation with the air jacket, `a pouring spout within the jacket arranged to supply molten metal to the mold at a pouring hausting air rom the mold enclosure at uring position, means for partially exiigusting air from the mold enclosure 'at a point anterior, to pouring position, and means for partially restoring air pressure in the mold enclosure posterior to pouring position.

17. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a .plurality of molds spaced thereon, an air jacket partially surrounding the carrier and molds and including an upri ht peripheral wall of circular contour, ac ing means on the carrier between eac two molds cooperating with the air jacket to provide an individual air chamber for each mold, a pouring s out within the air jacket and arranged to de ver molten metal to the mold at pouring position, and means for exhausting air from the mold jacket s ace at pouring position.

18. asting apparatus comprising a roosition, and means for ex-I ingan upright peripheral wall of circular contour, acking means on the carrier ybetween eac two molds cooperating with the air jacket to provide anindividual air chamber for each mold, a pouring'spout within the air jacket and arranged "to deliver molten metal to the mold at pouring position, and means for exhausting air from the mold jacket s ing an upri ht peripheral wall of' circular Icontour, pac ing means on the carrier between each two molds cooperating with' the air jacket to provide an individual air chamber for each mold, a pouring spout within the air jacket and `arranged to deliver molten metal to the mold at ouring position, .means for exhausting air rom the mold jacket space at pouring position', and means for exhausting air, from the space anterior to pouring position, and means'for supplying air'up to less than atmospheric pressure in the mold jacket space posterior to pouring position.

20. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a plurality of molds spaced thereon, an air jacket partially surrounding the carrier and molds and including an uprigiht peripheral wall of circular contour, pac ing means on the carrier-between each two molds coo erating with the air jacket to provide an in ividual air chamber for each mold, a pouring spout within ace at pouring position, and `means Vfor ex austing air. from the -mold mold jacket the air jacket and arranged to deliver molten metal to the mold at pouring position, means for exhausting air from the mold jacket space at pouringposition, and a siglht glass inserted 1n the jacketadjacent to t e spout to permit inspection of pouring.

21. Casting apparatus comprisin tary mold carrier, a plurality` o molds regularly spaced thereon, an air jacket partia ly surrounding the carrier and molds and including an approximately vertical peripheral wall of circular contour,- packing means on the carrier between each two molds cooperating with the air jacket to provide an individual air chamber for each mold, a pouring spout within the air jacket and arranged to deliver molten metal to the mold at pouring position, a metal pot and valve for delivering molten metal to the spout, and means for exhausting air from the mold jacket space at pouring position.

22. Casting apparatus comprisin a rota mold carrier, a plurality of mol s re ular y spaced thereon, an air jacket partia y uioy surrounding the carrier and molds and including an approximately vertical peripheral wall of circular contour, packing means on the carrier between each two molds cooperating with the air jacket to provide an individual air chamber for each mold, a pouring spout within the air jacket and arranged to deliver molten metal to the mold at pouring position, a metal pot and valve for delivering molten metal to the spout, means for exhausting air from the mold jacket space at pouring position, and means for exhausting air from the mold jacket space anterior to pouring position.

23. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a plurality of molds regularly spaced thereon, an air jacket partially surrounding the carrier and molds and including anapproximately vertical peripheral wall of circular contour, packing means on the carrier between each two molds cooperating with tlie air jacket to provide an individual air chamber for each mold, a pouring spout within the air jacket and arranged to deliver molten metal to the inold at pouring position. a metal pot and valve for delivering molten metal to the spout, means for exhausting air from the mold jacket space at pouring position, means for exhausting air from the mold jacket space anterior t'o pouring position, and means for supplying air up to less than atmospheric pressure in the mold jacket space posterior to pouring position.

24. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a plurality of molds regularly spaced thereon, an air jacket partially surrounding the carrier and molds and including an approximately vertical peripheral wall of circular contour, packing means on the carrier between each two molds cooperatin with the air jacket to provide an indivi ual air chamber for each mold, a pouring spout within the air jacket and arranged to deliver molten metal to the mold at pouring position, a metal pot and valve for delivering molten metal to the spout, means for exhausting air from the mold jacket space at pouring position, and a sight glass inserted in the jacket adjacent to the As out to permit inspection of pouring.

25. asting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, an approximately airtight casing therefor, means for exhausting air from'the casin at pouring position, a plurality of molds 1n spaced relation on the carrier within the casing, pouring means, and means for rotating the carrier intermittently a part turn at each movement.

26. Casting apparatus comprising a rotaryy mold carrier, a casing surrounding the carrier, a plurality of mold bodies in spaced relation on the carrier within the casing, a movable door on each mold body forming one face of the mold space, and a latch for each door.

27. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a casing surrounding the carrier, a plurality of mold bodies in spaced relation on the carrier within the casing, a movable door on each mold body forming one face of the mold space, a latch for each door, the casing being provided with an opening giving access to the mold latch and door at one side of the casing to permit discharge of a casting from the mold.

28. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a plurality of mold bodies in spaced relation thereon, each body comprising a mold space and a water jacket, a water supply and a water discharge port communicating with each water jacket, centrally located means for supplying water to all the mold supply ports and carrying off water discharge fromI all the mold discharge ports during rotation of the carrier, and means 4for rotating the carrier.

29. Casting apparatus comprising a rotary mold carrier, a lurality of mold bodies in spaced relation t ereon, each bodycomprising a mold space and a water jacket aving partitions for directing rcooling water in a circuitous course through the jacket, a water supply and a water discharge port communicating with ends of the water channel of each mold, centrally located means for supplying water to all the mold su ply ports and carr ing off water discharge om alLthe mold discharge ports during rotation /of the carrier, and means for rotating the carrier.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, this21st day of September A. D. 1922.

' EGBERT MOX M. 

